نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Exigency, coercion, and duress are raised as three elements disturbing intention in the foundations of criminal capacity. Most experts in law study them under two separate titles, i.e. coercion and duress as one and the same title, and exigency as a different one. This distinction has been recognized by legislators before and after the Islamic Revolution. Thus, in the relevant articles, coercion and duress have been considered synonyms having the same bearing and conditions. However, these three concepts seem to be different, each having its own definition and conditions. Coercion is the outcome of pressurizing somebody by a human or non-human agent, in which the coerced one loses his free will and freedom. If pressure does not give rise to lack of free will and freedom, and lack of consent and peace of mind emanates from a non-human agent, exigency is the result. Of course, exigency may have an indirect human origin. However, if lack of consent and peace of mind limits free will and freedom, but not to the extent of their elimination, and happens by a human agent, there would be duress. Therefore, coercion and duress are two separate institutions distinguished by their creating agent and extent of freedom and free will, having different titles and bearings.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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