A New Perspective on the Application of Explicit Islamic Legal Reasoning in Contemporary Islamic Legislative Systems

‌Context & Objective: The dynamic nature of legal systems within Islamic societies demands a deeper engagement with the foundational principles of Islamic jurisprudence, particularly in contexts where temporal and spatial exigencies challenge rigid applications of traditional rulings. This article explores the scope and implications of utilizing explicit Islamic legal reasoning (ta‘līlāt manṣūṣ)—the textual rationales embedded in Islamic legal sources—to revitalize and adapt contemporary Islamic legal systems. The primary aim is to assess whether such textual reasons can serve not only to reinforce the authenticity of legal rulings but also to elevate the substantive objectives (maqāṣid) of Islamic law above the literal enforcement of its external forms. The study’s central research question asks: to what extent can the explicit rationales within Islamic legal texts be employed to promote jurisprudential dynamism and policy orientation, while safeguarding against interpretative deviations that compromise the integrity of the Sharia?
Method & Approach: The research adopts a doctrinal methodology, grounded in analytical jurisprudence and the interpretive traditions of Islamic law. Through reasoned argumentation and interpretive scrutiny, the study engages in a critical textual analysis of jurisprudential sources, incorporating scriptural evidence alongside rational inquiry and behavioral precedents drawn from the conduct of the wise (ʿuqalāʾ). The methodological approach aims to clarify the epistemic status of textual rationales in Islamic legal discourse and evaluate their normative role in shaping legislative principles and policy frameworks.
Findings: The analysis reveals two significant conclusions. First, the textual rationales related to harms and benefits (mafsada and maṣlaḥa) cited by the Islamic Lawgiver typically reflect partial wisdom (ḥikma) rather than constituting a complete and binding legal cause (ʿilla tāmma) for the associated rulings. These rationales only attain decisive legal authority when accompanied by clear and unequivocal textual or contextual indicators that necessitate such interpretation—mere suggestive evidence is insufficient. Second, the structured use of explicit legal reasoning allows for the extrapolation of the overarching aims and philosophical foundations of the Islamic legal system. Consequently, such reasoning serves as a conduit for aligning legal policies with the higher objectives of Islamic law, provided this alignment respects the doctrinal boundaries of Sharia and does not conflict with the principle of incomplete causality described in the first finding.
Conclusion: This study advocates for a jurisprudential framework in which the explicit reasons embedded in Islamic legal texts are judiciously utilized to guide legal policy and institutional reform, ensuring both fidelity to the scriptural tradition and responsiveness to societal evolution. By distinguishing between partial wisdom and complete legal causality, the research safeguards against arbitrary interpretations while promoting the integration of the Lawgiver’s objectives into contemporary legal frameworks. Ultimately, the article underscores the necessity of a principled and intellectually rigorous engagement with Islamic legal reasoning to enhance the relevance, coherence, and legitimacy of modern Islamic legal systems.